Many hops, many stops: care-seeking “loops” for diabetes and hypertension in three urban informal settlements in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region

The study on care-seeking for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Mumbai's urban informal settlements reveals a complex and fragmented healthcare system. Patients often experience "hopping" between different providers, including "small" local doctors, formal private healthcare, and the public sector.

This fragmentation results in delays in diagnosis and treatment, frequent re-diagnoses, and inconsistencies in care management. The findings emphasize the need for integrated and accessible healthcare services, along with the establishment of trusted "first-contact" points for NCD care. This integration is crucial for addressing the gaps in care and ensuring that patients receive consistent and effective treatment throughout their healthcare journey​​. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of community awareness and education on NCD prevention and management.

There is a notable lack of knowledge about the linkage between lifestyle, heredity, and diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. Educational interventions, patient support groups, and involvement of community health workers are recommended to improve long-term adherence to treatment and enhance overall health outcomes. Policies should focus on simplifying the healthcare journey for patients and ensuring that healthcare services are responsive to the unique needs of urban informal settlements. This comprehensive approach can help optimize the care-seeking pathways and improve the quality of life for those living in these challenging environments​​.