Role of civil society in health care: Mechanisms for realizing universal health coverage in vulnerable communities of India

The paper discusses the crucial role of civil society organizations (CSOs) in enhancing health care delivery and achieving universal health coverage (UHC) in India's vulnerable communities. It highlights how CSOs, like SNEHA, have filled gaps in the public health system by working closely with communities, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The CSOs have provided essential services such as distributing food, disseminating health information, and ensuring the continuation of routine health services. The article emphasizes that these organizations can reach difficult-to-access populations, build the capacity of frontline health workers, and act as intermediaries between the community and the formal health system, thereby reducing out-of-pocket expenses and improving health outcomes.

The paper also delves into the framework of the Primary Health Care Performance Initiative, focusing on inputs, mechanisms, and outcomes for strong primary health care (PHC). It details how CSOs use resources efficiently, establish referral networks, and employ technology for better service delivery. Examples include SNEHA's community volunteer strategy and the Community-based Management of Acute Malnutrition program, which have significantly improved health indicators in informal settlements. The collaboration between CSOs, government entities, and other stakeholders is portrayed as vital for the sustainable delivery of PHC and the realization of UHC, highlighting the importance of community participation, trust-building, and tailored interventions to meet local health needs.