Why malnutrition and developmental delay must be tackled together in the first three years?

This policy brief explores the link between malnutrition and developmental delays among children aged 12–36 months living in Mumbai’s urban informal settlements. Findings show that 18% of children experienced developmental delays, with language development being the most commonly affected area. The brief highlights the importance of early identification, adequate nutrition and responsive caregiving during the first three years of life.

Drawing on SNEHA’s community-based early childhood intervention in Mumbai’s P/North Ward, this brief demonstrates how developmental monitoring can be incorporated into routine home visits. It highlights the role of trained frontline workers in identifying developmental concerns, supporting caregivers and connecting children with appropriate services.

The brief recommends integrating developmental monitoring with existing nutrition and child health programmes, strengthening caregiver counselling, and improving referral systems. It calls for greater support for early learning, communication and play to ensure children receive timely care during the critical first three years of life.